Longitudinal association of changes in diet with changes in body weight and waist circumference in subjects at high cardiovascular risk: the PREDIMED trial

Table 2 Sensitivity analysis: association of yearly changes in food groups intake with concurrent changes in body weight (A) or waist circumference (B) over 5-year of follow-up - mutual adjustment considering food groups significantly associated with changes in anthropometry

Food group (serving/d)	β (95% CI)	p-value
A. Body weight change (kg)
Refined grains	0.21 (− 0.02, 0.44)	0.075
Alcoholic beverages	0.17 (0.09, 0.24)	< 0.0001
Potatoes	0.16 (−0.01, 0.33)	0.071
Red meat	0.14 (−0.08, 0.37)	0.213
Processed meat	0.10 (−0.01, 0.20)	0.065
White bread	0.05 (0.00, 0.10)	0.059
Sweets	0.04 (0.01, 0.06)	0.005
Low-fat milk	−0.07 (−0.13, − 0.01)	0.031
Low-fat yogurt	−0.15 (− 0.30, − 0.01)	0.035
B. Waist circumference change (cm)
Snacks, fast foods and pre-pared dishes	0.24 (0.02, 0.46)	0.032
Processed meat	0.15 (0.00, 0.31)	0.054
Alcoholic beverages	0.12 (0.02, 0.22)	0.023
Sweets	0.08 (0.03, 0.12)	< 0.0001
Nuts	− 0.16 (− 0.32, 0.00)	0.052
Vegetables	− 0.24 (− 0.41, − 0.08)	0.004

β (95% CI) represents the yearly change in body weight (kg) or waist circumference (cm) associated with increased/decreased consumption of particular food groups (serving/d). The mutually adjusted model was adjusted for covariables used in all multivariable models (time, sex, center, intervention group, age, baseline BMI/WC (depending on outcome) and educational level, as well as yearly measured changes in smoking status and physical activity) and for the other food groups significantly associated with changes in anthropometry

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