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| Outcome | Number of studies | Mean difference | Confidence interval | Heterogeneity |
|---|
| Body weight (kg) | 16 | -2.61 | [−3.89, − 1.33] | 94% |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 19 | -0.42 | [−0.69, − 0.15] | 89% |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 13 | -1.92 | [−3.25, −0.60] | 92% |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 16 | −1.73 | [−4.25, 0.79] | 93% |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 15 | −1.73 | [−4.25, 0.79] | 93% |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 11 | −3.75 | [−9.84, 2.33] | 86% |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 12 | 0.54 | [−1.13, 2.20] | 88% |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 10 | −3.25 | [−8.00, 1.51] | 75% |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 8 | 0.62 | [−4.82, 6.06] | 55% |
| Blood glucose (mg/dl) | 10 | −3.14 | [−6.47, 0.20] | 94% |
- Estimates highlighted in bold indicate the effect sizes that were statistically significant
