Table 1 Demographic characteristics at baseline
| Whole sample (n = 1646) | Complete case (n = 453) | Excluded cases (n = 1193) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 12.5 (2.5) | 12.6 (2.4) | 12.4 (2.4) | 0.224 |
| Age group, n (%) | ||||
| Children | 611 (37.1) | 137 (30.2) | 474 (39.7) | < 0.001 |
| Adolescents | 1035 (62.9) | 316 (69.8) | 719 (60.3) | |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Boys | 843 (51.2) | 235 (51.9) | 608 (51.0) | 0.741 |
| Girls | 803 (48.8) | 218 (48.1) | 585 (49.0) | |
| Urban/rural, n (%) | ||||
| Urban | 789 (47.9) | 235 (51.9) | 554 (46.4) | 0.049 |
| Rural | 857 (52.1) | 218 (48.1) | 639 (53.6) | |
| Socioeconomic Status (n = 1586)a, n (%) | ||||
| Low | 173 (10.9) | 38 (8.4) | 135 (11.9) | 0.040 |
| Medium | 639 (40.3) | 173 (38.4) | 466 41.0) | |
| High | 774 (48.8) | 239 (53.1) | 535 (47.1) | |
| Physical Activity Levels (n = 1445)a, mean (SD) | ||||
| LPA (min/day) | 178.8 (46.5) | 177.5 (44.4) | 179.3 (47.4) | 0.489 |
| MVPA (min/day) | 68.7 (25.6) | 66.3 (25.0) | 69.8 (25.7) | 0.014 |
| MVPA Recommendations (n = 1445)a, n (%) | ||||
| ≥ 60 min/day | 853 (59.0) | 240 (53.0) | 613 (61.8) | 0.002 |
| < 59.9 min/day | 592 (41.0) | 213 (47.0) | 379 (38.2) | |
| Adiposity indicators (n = 1616)a, mean (SD) | ||||
| Weight (kg) | 48.2 (14.2) | 48.8 (13.9) | 48.0 (14.3) | 0.293 |
| Height (cm) | 152.3 (13.9) | 153.8 (13.4) | 151.7 (14.0) | 0.007 |
| BMI (kg/cm2) | 20.4 (3.6) | 20.2 (3.4) | 20.4 (3.7) | 0.371 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 66.4 (8.7) | 66.3 (8.3) | 66.5 (8.8) | 0.788 |
| Skinfolds (Sum of triceps and subscapular) (n = 1610)a | 27.4 (13.3) | 26.7 (12.3) | 27.6 (13.7) | 0.218 |
| Physical Fitness, mean (SD) | ||||
| Standing long jump (cm) (n = 1609)a | 145.1 (33.2) | 147.3 (32.5) | 144.3 (33.4) | 0.098 |
| Handgrip strength (kg) (n = 1611)a | 21.7 (8.3) | 22.0 (8.0) | 21.6 (8.5) | 0.322 |
| 20-m shuttle run test (CRF) (VO2max ml/kg/min) (n = 1568)a | 33.3 (7.9) | 33.8 (8.2) | 33.2 (7.8) | 0.183 |
| Mode of commuting (n = 1530)a | ||||
| Active, n (%) | 1017 (66.5) | 237 (53.1) | 780 (72.0) | < 0.001 |
| Passive, n (%) | 513 (33.5) | 209 (46.9) | 304 (28.0) | |
| Change AST T0-T2 (n = 1233)a, n (%) | ||||
| Active Persistent | 724 (58.7) | 227 (50.6) | 497 (63.4) | < 0.001 |
| Passive Persistent | 348 (28.2) | 184 (41.0) | 164 (21.0) | |
| Active T0 - Passive T2 | 75 (6.1) | 13 (2.9) | 62 (7.9) | |
| Passive T0 - Active T2 | 86 (7.0) | 25 (5.6) | 61 (7.8) | |
| AST volume (min/week) (n = 1254)a, mean (SD) | 86.0 (95.0) | 76.3 (93.7) | 91.5 (95.4) | 0.007 |